Mikroenkapsulasi Pigmen Betasianin Dari Daun Erpah Merah (Alternanthera Dentata) Yang Diekstraksi Menggunakan Ultrasound Dan Microwave Untuk Bahan Formulasi Lip Balm

Abstract

Red erpah leaves (Alternanthera dentata) contain bioactive compounds of betacyanin pigments that can be used as natural dyes and have the potential as antioxidants. Betacyanin pigments can be obtained by extraction and used as natural dyes in the form of extracts. However, liquid extracts of betacyanin are very unstable to temperature, light, oxygen, and pH and are easily contaminated, so microencapsulation technology is needed to maintain the stability of betacyanin and extend the shelf life before use. This study aims to analyze the extraction method in obtaining betacyanin pigments, analyze the effect of the type and concentration of coating materials in microencapsulation of betacyanin pigments using the thin layer drying technique and analyze the stability and antioxidant activity of betacyanin microencapsulation after being applied to the lip balm formulation. The extraction methods used were Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) at a frequency of 37 kHz and Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) at a power of 100 W with variations in extraction time of 5, 10,15 and 20 minutes. Microencapsulation of betacyanin pigment was carried out using thin layer drying technique with the concentration of maltodextrin coating material (M20%; M30%; M40%), gum arabic (GA1%) and pectin (P1%). The results of this study indicate that the highest total betacyanin content of red erpah leaf extract was obtained from extraction using MAE for 5 minutes with a total betacyanin content of 219.82 mg/100g and extraction using UAE with an extraction time of 20 minutes obtained a total betacyanin content of 199.75 mg/100g. The results of betacyanin microencapsulation using maltodextrin and gum arabic coating materials (M40% + GA1%) obtained water content values of 7.04% (UAE) and 7.32% (MAE), solubility values of 93.97% (UAE) and 94.59% (MAE) and encapsulation efficiency values of 78.48% (UAE) and 76.32% (MAE). The antioxidant activity of betacyanin microencapsulation is classified as a very strong antioxidant with an IC50 value of 11.75 - 37.86 ppm. Lip balm with the addition of betacyanin microencapsulation has a pale pink color, is stable when stored for 30 days without significant changes in odor, texture and color, but experiences a change in IC50 value to 482.40 ppm.