Pengaruh Isolasi Permukaan Kaca Evaporator dan Kolektor Aliran Alami Terhadap Laju Kondensasi pada Solar Distilasi

Abstract

Desalination is a commonly used method to obtain clean freshwater. Solar-based desalination technology offers advantages in terms of ease of use and availability of energi sources, but its efficiency is still limited by the high temperature of the evaporator glass, which hinders condensation. This study presents two innovations: the use of styrofoam insulation on the evaporator glass to lower its temperature and the use of a flat copper collector in tropical areas to maximize solar energi absorption. Experimental tests conducted over seven days in Medan City showed a maximum solar radiation intensity of 648 W/m², a peak water temperature of 68.7 °C, and a system energi efficiency of 39.82%. The highest freshwater production recorded was 2,33187 Liters per day. Styrofoam insulation increased the condensation rate by lowering the glass temperature, while the flat collector effectively utilized direct solar radiation. Increased radiation intensity led to higher water temperature and greater freshwater production, but efficiency was not always optimal if environmental factors, such as wind speed, were not favorable. Therefore, balancing evaporation and condensation rates is crucial for achieving optimal performance.