Pembuatan Dan Karakterisasi Biodegradable Foam Dari Powder Kulit Kakao Dan Powder Selulosa Daun Nenas Dengan Penambahan Polivinil Alkohol

Abstract

Biodegradable foam was made and characterized from cocoa shell powder and pineapple leaf cellulose powder with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol as an environmentally friendly alternative to packaging using the baking process method with variations of (60:40)%wt, (50:50)%wt, and (40:60)%wt. The research results obtained characterization of physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical properties, thermal properties, microstructural properties, XRD analysis and PSA analysis of biodegradable foam materials. The characterization results obtained include density with a value of 0,532 x 103 gr/cm3. Biodegrability is 96.564% with a degradation time of 28 days. Tensile strength with a tensile strength of 0.6139 Mpa or 613.93 kPa. Elongation at break with a percentage of elongation at break of 0.558%; 0.593%; 0.698%. The elastic modulus is 879.55 kPa. Compressive strength in accordance with ASTM D695 standard compressive strength value 577 kPa; 641 kPa and 683 kPa. FTIR on biodegradable foam shows the results of the functional group spectrum that the absorption of biodegradable foam obtains a spectrum of 3601,10 cm-1 ; 3504,66 cm-1 dan 3560,59 cm-1 biodegradable foam as O-H functional groups. DSC of biodegradable foam with glass transition point 118.29℃ - 133.18℃ crystallization point 96.55℃ - 111.80℃ and melting point of biodegradable foam 129.20℃ - 142.41℃. Microstructure at 1500x magnification and EDX shows carbon and oxygen elements as biodegradable foam materials. Pineapple leaf cellulose powder material forms a tridymite phase in a triclinic (anorthic) crystal system identified at 22.60°. Application for making biodegradable foam, environmentally friendly packaging products from cocoa shell powder and pineapple leaf cellulose powder with the addition of PVA as an alternative to styrofoam using powder, fiber and starch components as functional groups, the structure of biodegradable foam can be strengthened because powder, starch and fiber have high biodegradability properties. develop science and technology regarding biodegradable foam as a packaging material that has long-lasting properties, high mechanical strength, heat resistance and is environmentally friendly which is ultimately able to support the industrial world.