Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Zink Oksida Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) dan Khasiatnya Sebagai Antimikroba

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance due to excessive antibiotic use has become a global challenge, making Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) a promising alternative as an antimicrobial agent. This study biosynthesized ZnO-NP using Andaliman fruit extract, which is rich in bioactive compounds, and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NP was tested against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. This study focuses on developing a more effective and sustainable alternative therapy. Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize ZnO-NP using andaliman fruit extract and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NP was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and fungi Candida albicans. Method: This study involved the synthesis of ZnO-NP by mixing Andaliman fruit extract using the infusion extraction method with a zinc nitrate solution at a 1:10 ratio, followed by the addition of sodium hydroxide and pH adjustment to optimize particle formation conditions. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized to determine absorbance peaks, particle size, functional groups, structural properties, morphology, crystal purity, and thermal stability. The biological activity of ZnONP was then tested against microorganisms, including the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as the fungi Candida albicans. Result: ZnO-NP were successfully synthesized using andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Characterization results showed an average particle size of 298.68 nm, and UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak at 372 nm. Antibacterial activity tests using the disk diffusion method demonstrated that the synthesized ZnO-NP exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. The results showed inhibition zone diameters of 13.76 mm for S.aureus, 13.13 mm for S.epidermidis, 13.5 mm for E.coli, and 11.96 mm for Candida albicans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of ZnO-NP was dose-dependent, with higher concentrations producing greater inhibition effects. These findings suggested that ZnO-NP, synthesized through an environmentally friendly method, had potential as antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) can be synthesized using andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) and exhibit antimicrobial activity.