Efektivitas Aplikasi Hidrogel Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) 25% terhadap Jumlah Sel Limfosit Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissue that causes a progressive damage to the gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone that supports the teeth. Periodontitis is dominated by the presence of P. gingivalis bacteria. When inflammation occurs, endotoxin components can bind to the CD14/TLR-4 receptor, hence the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines increases and will modulate the immune system, including lymphocyte cells. Prolonged inflammation causes further tissue damage. Andaliman extract contains secondary metabolite compounds that act as anti-inflammatory agents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of andaliman extract hydrogel with a concentration of 25% in reducing the number of lymphocyte cells in Wistar rats model with periodontitis. This research is an in vivo experimental study using the Posttest-Only Control Group Design on 36 Wistar rats induced periodontitis with ligature wire and P. gingivalis injection.The variables studied were based on clinical parameters such as gingival index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth, and the histological parameters is the number of lymphocytes. The results of the clinical parameter evaluation showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in scores between the 25% andaliman hydrogel, metronidazole gel, and placebo hydrogel groups on days 1, 3, 7.The results of the histological parameter evaluation found that the average number of lymphocytes in all groups showed no significant difference on days 1, 3, 7. However, on day 7, there was a significant difference in the number of lymphocytes (p<0.05) between the 25% andaliman hydrogel group and the placebo hydrogel group. The conclusion of this study is that the application of 25% andaliman extract hydrogel is effective in reducing the number of lymphocyte cells in the Wistar rat model induced by periodontitis, which showed the best results on the 7th day.