Analisis Perbedaan Karakteristik Pasien terhadap Preferensi Pasien Rawat Jalan BPJS-Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Kelas B Milik Swasta dan Pemerintah

Abstract

In an effort to achieve universal health coverage in Indonesia, the government introduced the National Health Insurance program administered by BPJS Kesehatan as the single payer for healthcare services. This social insurance supports the utilization of healthcare services by the public, both in government-owned and private healthcare facilities. This study aims to identify factors influencing patient preferences in choosing between government-owned or private hospitals. This analytic survey research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted at Grandmed General Hospital (RSU Grandmed) and Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan). The study involved 393 patients, comprising 198 patients from RSU Grandmed and 195 patients from RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan. Samples were selected using incidental sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the valid and reliable Andersen healthcare utilization model. The statistical tests used in this study were the Chi square test and multiple logistic regression. The data showed no significant differences in predisposition and health behavior characteristics among patients choosing RSU Grandmed and RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan (p>0.05). Additionally, differences between patients who choosing RSU Grandmed and RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan were only observed in waiting times (p<0.001) and type of visits (p<0.05), while other aspects showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Logistic regression indicated that hospital choice was influenced by the availability of hospitals near the residence (OR: 3.047, p<0.01), the number of hospitals in the vicinity (OR: 1.554, p<0.05), type of visits (OR;0,618, p<0,05) and waiting time (OR: 2.138. p<0.001). It can be concluded that waiting time and type of visits are the only factors distinguishing patient who choose RSU Grandmed and RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan. Since waiting time is a modifiable aspect by hospitals, it is highly recommended that both hospitals reduce waiting times by increasing service efficiency.