Peningkatan Aktivitas Antibakteri, Antiinflamasi, dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) melalui Formulasi Transfersom

Abstract

Backgorund: Ethanol extract of black turmeric rhizome (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) (EETH), commonly known as black turmeric, is a medicinal plant from the Zingiberaceae family, known for its various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Physicochemical factors, autoxidation, and easy degradation limit the bioavailability of EETH. These limitations can be improved by encapsulation of transfersome vesicles. Objective: This study aims to formulate transfersomes containing EETH according to its characteristics and bioactivity as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Methods: Transfersomes were formulated using thin-layer hydration method with phosphatidylcholine:Tween 80 ratio of 85:15 and contained extracts at concentrations of 2500 and 5000 µg/mL. The characterization formula included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The formula was tested for its bioactivity, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Results: EETH transfersomes (TFTH) have a particle size of 136.7-171.3 nm; a polydispersity index of 0.31-0.50; a zeta potential of -43.4 to -50.63 mV; and an adsorption efficiency of 88.82-91.77%. Antibacterial activity of TFTH with concentrations of 2500 and 5000 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus showed MIC/MBC of 4.88/9.76 µg/mL and 9.76/19.53 µg/mL, and against Propionibacterium acnes of 4.88/39.06 µg/mL and 9.76/78.12 µg/mL, while EETH showed 9.76/19.53 µg/mL on S. aureus and 156.25/156.25 µg/mL on P. acnes. In anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of protein denaturation by TFTH was 93.25 ± 0.024% and 95.50 ± 0.037,% 0higher than EETH with inhibition percentages of 59.70 ± 0.008% and 60.56 ± 0.024%. Antioxidant activity was indicated by IC₅₀ against DPPH, which was 77.11 ± 0.019 µg/mL and 73.32 ± 0.037 µg/mL, and ABTS, which was 31.89 ± 0.026 µg/mL and 28.65 ± 0.005 µg/mL, which was better than EETH 90.72 ± 0.014 µg/mL on DPPH and 51.01 ± 0.018 µg/mL on ABTS. Conclusion: Transfersome containing EETH effectively enhances antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential in vitro.

Keywords: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, transfersome, Curcuma aeruginosa