Uji Efek Penyembuhan Luka Sediaan Hidrogel Campuran Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruju (Acanthus Ilicifolius L.) dan Kitosan pada Luka Sayat

Abstract

Background: Incisional wounds are one type of wound that often occurs due to sharp object trauma. In this study, jeruju leaves (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) were used which are rich in flavonoids and tannins, thus accelerating wound healing. Chitosan has the ability as an antibacterial that prevents infection by forcing macrophages to release cytokines. The mixture of jeruju leaves with chitosan is used to make HPMC-based hydrogel preparations. Objective: To determine whether jeruju leaf extract can be formulated in a good hydrogel dosage form and test the effectiveness of incision wound healing from a hydrogel preparation of a mixture of ethanol extract of jeruju leaves and chitosan. Methods: The research was conducted with experimental methods including collection and processing of jeruju leaves, extraction, characterization, hydrogel formulation, and wound healing tests on rabbit test animals that experienced incision wounds. Animals were treated with 2.5%, 5% and 10% chitosan and jeruju leaf extract hydrogels, 10% jeruju leaf extract hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel with hydrogel base as carrier control and Bioplacenton® gel as positive control. Wound area was measured using a simple planimetric method. Observations were made for 14 days and histopathology tests were performed. Results: Characterization of simplisia and ethanol extract of jeruju leaves met the requirements of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The hydrogel mixture of jeruju leaf extract and chitosan is thick, slightly viscous, and has a distinctive odor, and meets the physical quality requirements of homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and pH. The chitosan hydrogel mixture of jeruju leaf extract has an effect on healing incision wounds in rabbits, this can be seen from the average AUC value of the percentage of shrinkage of the incision area on the administration of chitosan mixture hydrogel and jeruju leaf extract 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, and 10% jeruju leaf extract hydrogel of 163.91% ± 44.04, 273.94 ± 18.47, 314.99 ± 11.14, and 285.19 ± 96.23%. From the results of histopathological observations there was also epithelial growth, fibroblast proliferation, collagen density, and angiogenesis. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of jeruju leaves can be formulated in hydrogel dosage form. The hydrogel mixture of chitosan and jeruju leaf extract has a wound healing effect on rabbit incisions.