Hubungan Parameter Hematologi dengan Manifestasi Okular pada Anak dengan Leukemia Akut dalam Pengobatan Kemoterapi

Abstract

Background: Acute leukemia are the most prevalent neoplastic disorder among children. Acute leukemia patients may present with different ophthalmic manifestations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hematological parameters with ocular manifestations among acute leukemia who received chemotherapy. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 50 acute leukemia in children at the Medan Pediatric Oncology Foundation from August 2024 to January 2025. All patients underwent an ophthalmic examination. The hematological parameters were also recorded including hemoglobin level, total leukocyte and platelet count. Results: A total of 50 children were retained for the study. The population consisted of 27 boys (54%), and 23 girls (46%). The mean age was 10,48 years. 82% had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 18% had acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ophthalmic involvement was seen in 26 patients (52%). Subconjungtival hemorrhage 8% was the most common manifestations in anterior segment. And the posterior segment, with roth spots and exudate 7% were the most common manifestations. The median hemoglobin with ocular manifestations was 7 g/dL, the median total leukocyte was 11 103/µL, and the median platelet count was 69,5 103/µL. A statistically significant association was noted between hemoglobin level and platelet count with posterior segment manifestations (p<0,001), but no in leukocyte count (p=0,314). Conclusion: Ophthalmic examination is highly recommended as a part of the routine evaluation at baseline and then periodically to prevent visual morbidity.