Prevalensi dan Pengaruh Indeks Maloklusi (DAI) Terhadap Indeks Karies (DMFT) di RSGM USU

Abstract

Malocclusion, a deviation from the accepted standard occlusion, is a common dental health issue that, if left untreated, can lead to various oral diseases, including dental caries. Irregularly aligned teeth can make oral hygiene maintenance more difficult, increasing plaque accumulation and the risk of caries development. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is one of the indices used to assess malocclusion and determine the need for orthodontic treatment based on its severity. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the influence of the malocclusion index (DAI) on the caries index (DMFT) at USU Dental and Oral Hospital. This analytic study used a cross-sectional design involving 63 study models and patients’ medical records prior to orthodontic treatment who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that in males, the prevalence of mild malocclusion was 16.1%, moderate 19.4%, severe 25.8%, and very severe 38.7%; while in females, mild malocclusion was 18.8%, moderate 25.0%, severe 31.3%, and very severe 25.0%. The average DMFT score in males with mild malocclusion was 1.40±1.52, moderate 1.83±1.33, severe 4.13±1.81, and very severe 4.33±1.67. In females, the DMFT scores were 1.17±1.94 (mild), 3.00±1.51 (moderate), 4.70±2.00 (severe), and 4.63±1.60 (very severe). Based on the One-way ANOVA test, the result was p = 0.002, indicating a significant correlation between the malocclusion index (DAI) and the caries index (DMFT) in both males and females aged 17–25 years at USU Dental and Oral Hospital.