Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Controlling Kandang Ayam Bertipe Closed House Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Abstract

Broiler chickens are one of Indonesia's largest agricultural commodities, with an annual production of 3.34 million chickens. In the maintenance of broiler chickens, there is a system known as the closed-housed system. This system utilizes automation to maintain the temperature and humidity inside the cage according to the age of the chickens. If the temperature and humidity are not maintained appropriately for the chickens' age, it can cause stress, thereby disrupting their productivity. Additionally, the existing closed-house systems do not yet use sensors to detect ammonia. If ammonia levels inside the cage are not controlled, it can cause respiratory issues in the chickens, potentially leading to their death. There is a need for a system that can monitor and control the temperature, humidity, and ammonia levels within the cage. To optimize the system's functionality, Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be applied, making it easier for users to supervise and control closed-house type chicken cages. Temperature and humidity measurements are conducted using the DHT-11 sensor. Ammonia gas levels are measured using the MQ-135 sensor. The timer used to turn the cage lights and heater on and off according to the chicken maintenance program utilizes the RTC DS3231. The microcontroller used to process and regulate the system's operation is the ESP32. For system operations, internet connectivity is employed along with two internet protocols: WebSocket and HTTP. The system successfully operates actuators manually through a webpage with a 1-second response time. The turning on and off of fans, heater, and cage lights was also successfully carried out automatically according to the chicken maintenance program. The system was also successful in controlling and detecting ammonia gas levels inside the cage. Data collected during cage monitoring and supervision were successfully stored in a database. For temperature and humidity measurements, there was a temperature difference of 0.5°C–2°C and a humidity difference of 1%–12% between the sensors used in the system and the anemometer used in the closed-house cage.