Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol, Flavanoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.)

Abstract

Background: There are several factors that affect a plant extract. This will affect the acquisition of a level of active substance compounds, one of which is the extraction method used. Objective: This study aims to determine the differences in phenol content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in ethanol extracts of karamunting leaves by maceration and MAE methods. Methods: The study was conducted experimentally including sample preparation, making karamunting leaf extract, characterization of simplicia, phytochemical screening, determination of total phenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid standard, determination of total flavonoid content using AlCl3 reagent with quercetin standard. Determination of antioxidant activity by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil) method with quercetin as a comparison, then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results: The highest phenol content was obtained in the ethanol extract of karamunting leaves MAE method which was 19,2383 ± 0,0494 mg GAE/g sample and the lowest in the ethanol extract of karamunting leaves maceration method which was 18,3563 ± 0,4107 mg GAE/g sample. The highest flavonoid content determination result in ethanol extract of karamunting leaves MAE method is 37,6812 ± 0,0587 mg QE/g sample and the lowest in ethanol extract of karamunting leaves maceration method is 35,0653 ± 0,0748 mg QE/g sample. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of karamunting leaves MAE method has the best IC50 value of 64,5884 μg/ml ± 0,2028 and ethanol extract of karamunting leaves maceration method has IC50 value of 97,2481 μg/ml ± 0,0158. Conclusion: The results showed that there were differences in the levels of total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of karamunting leaves by maceration and MAE methods.