Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Pikohidro Menggunakan Turbin Pelton dengan Variasi Diameter Nozel dan Jumlah Sudu

Abstract

Picohydro plants are one of the solutions to provide electrical energy in remote areas that have potential water resources. This study aims to design a picohydro generation system using a Pelton turbine, as well as evaluate the effect of variations in nozzle diameter and number of blades on the efficiency and output power of the system. The research methodology includes the design, manufacture and testing of Pelton turbines with configuration of nozzle variations and number of blades. The parameters tested include the turbine rotation speed, water discharge, and the electrical power generated. The variation in nozzle diameter and the number of blades has a significant effect on the output power and efficiency of the pelton turbine. The smaller nozzle diameter allows the water flow energy to be more focused, thereby increasing the turbine's output power. On the other hand, a greater number of spoons provides better turbine efficiency because the water flow energy can be utilized more optimally by the turbine. The optimal combination of nozzle diameter and number of spoons is 5 mm nozzle diameter and 20 spoons, both on Single turbines or dual turbine. This combination results in a maximum output power of 7,244 watts at Single turbine and 10,045 watts on dual turbine and turbine efficiency are best with Single turbines by 18.15%. Use dual turbine produces a higher turbine speed (RPM) of 3,681 compared to using Single turbine. The results of this study can be used as a reference in the development of small-scale power plants based on picohydro, especially in areas with limited water energy potential.