Rancang Bangun Alat Sistem Charging pada Pembangkit Listrik Hybrid dengan Pico-Hydro Turbin Cross Flow dan Solar Panel menggunakan Buck Boost Converter berbasis PID Controller

Abstract

A hybrid power plant is an excellent approach to utilizing renewable energy that is environmentally friendly and emission-free. Indonesia has a hydropower potential of up to 75,091 MW, distributed across the country, yet its utilization has only reached around 7.2%. Additionally, Indonesia’s location along the equator provides an average of 8-10 hours of sunlight per day, with a solar energy potential of 4.80 kWh/m²/day. However, integrating two or more renewable energy sources presents challenges in synchronizing power from different power generation systems. Therefore, this study aims to design a charging system for a hybrid Crossflow turbine and a 50 WP solar panel to charge a battery using a non-inverting buck-boost converter, with Arduino Mega2560 as the central control logic. The PID control parameters in this study were determined using the trial and error method, with values of Kp = 0.8, Ki = 0.04, and Kd = 0.002. The voltage is set at a 14.4 V setpoint, and the system successfully maintains voltage stability in the hybrid system, with an average value of 14.263 V and an average error of 1.243%. The system is also capable of charging the battery optimally, requiring 3 hours to complete the charging process.