Optimasi Ekstraksi Total Fenol dari Batang Bakau Api-Api (Avicennia marina) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction Menggunakan Box Behnken Design (BBD)

Abstract

Background: The stem of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) contains abundant secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds with bioactive potential. One of the techniques for extracting these compounds is Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). To achieve optimal extraction efficiency and yield, optimization using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed. Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimal extraction conditions microwave power, extraction time, and solvent-to-material ratio to obtain the highest extract yield and total phenolic content. Methods: The extraction process was conducted using MAE, and the optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design model, utilizing Design-Expert® version 13 software . The independent variables were microwave power, solvent-to-material ratio, and extraction time, while the response variables were extract yield and total phenolic content, which was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the quadratic model was the best fit (p value < 0.05). ANOVA results indicated that the model was significant, with a non significant lack of fit. Based on the RSM optimization, the optimal extraction conditions were found at 434.119 watts microwave power, 14.854 minutes extraction time, and a 1:16.854 g/mL material-to-solvent ratio. Under these conditions, the extract yield was 4.621% and the total phenolic content was 167.628 mg GAE/g of sample, with a desirability value of 99.7%. Conclusion: The optimal conditions for extracting phenolic compounds from the stem of Avicennia marina are 434.119 watts microwave power, 14.854 minutes extraction time, and a 1:16.854 g/mL material-to-solvent ratio. These conditions yielded 4.621% extract and 167.628 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content.