Hubungan Faktor Fisika Kimia Air, Logam Berat Besi (Fe) dan Timbal (Pb) terhadap Keanekaragaman Fitoplankton di Sungai Belawan

Abstract

Rivers have an important in human life as the source of clean water, but their water quality often declined due to human excessive activities around them. This study focuses on the analysis of the relationship between water physico-chemical factor and the impact of heavy metal pollution, especially iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) on phytoplankton diversity in Belawan river, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The water and phytoplankton samples were taken from different station using "Purposive Sampling" based on the difference in activities that took place in each location. This study identified 6 classes, 22 families, and 24 genera of phytoplankton, with a diversity index (H') ranging from 2.23-2.66 which was classified as low to moderate categories. The value of the uniformity index (E) ranges from 0.87-0.94 which was classified as a high range. Lead concentrations were found to be very low, 0.005 μg/l, while iron concentration ranged from 0,117-0,524 μg/l. Both concentrations belonged to the acceptable limits based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, Annex VI, Class 2. Heavy metals iron and lead have a very low effect on the phytoplankton diversity in Belawan river. The results of the correlation analysis showed that light penetration, pH, DO, BOD5, and temperature had a very strong effect on the diversity of phytoplankton in Belawan river.