Hubungan Faktor Fisika Kimia Air, Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Tembaga (Cu) terhadap Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Sungai Belawan

Abstract

The diversity of macrozoobenthos and the concentrations of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) influenced the water quality in Belawan River.The extensive human activities in the Belawan river have turned the river into a dumping site for waste and industrial effluents, thereby affecting the environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physico-chemical water factors and heavy metals with the diversity of macrozoobenthos in Belawan river. The water and macrozoobenthos samples were taken by “Purposive Sampling” with the determination of 3 different stations which were: Sunggal Kanan, Kelambir 5 and Sicanang based on difference activities that took place in each location. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected using a surber net (30 cm x 30 cm frame size), at each sampling station with three replicates obtained per station to ensure representative data collection. The study found that there were three classes of macrozoobenthos, namely Gastropoda, Crustacea, and Bivalvia, consisting of 18 genera. Macrozoobenthos density ranged from 225.92 to 266.66 ind/m². The Shannon- Wiener diversity index was classified as low categories, ranging between 1.88 and 2.06. The evenness index was high, ranging from 0.85 to 0.94. The correlation analysis results showed that temperature, pH, BOD₅, light intensity, had a very strong influence on the diversity of macrozoobenthos. This indicated that the higher temperature, pH,BOD5 and light intensity values corresponded to the increase of macrozoobenthos diversity.