Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) terhadap Histopatologi Lambung Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) Jantan Model Hiperlipidemia

Abstract

White oyster mushroom is a species of fungi that potentially as a natural statin in improving blood lipid levels by lowering the cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine an antioxidant activity of white oyster mushroom extract and to analyze the effect of white oyster mushroom extract on the morphology and histology of gastric male hyperlipidemia rats. The study had been done from November 2024 to February 2025. This research method used a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of negative control treatments, namely normal rats, positive control, namely hyperlipidemia rats (given high-fat feed from a mixture of 30 g of commercial feed with 3 mL used cooking oil and given 1 mL duck egg yolk at a dose of 12.5 mL/kgBW), P1: hyperlipidemia rats given 1 mL simvastatin at dose of 1.8 mg/kgBW and P2, P3, P4: hyperlipidemia rats given 1 mL white oyster mushroom extract with doses of 150, 300, 450 mg/kgBW. The results showed that white oyster mushroom extract had an antioxidant activity value of 146.62 ppm which was categorized moderate antioxidant. Administration of white oyster mushroom extract up to a dose of 300 mg/kgBW was significantly able to improve gastric morphology in the form of color and gastric histology by reducing the amount of mucosal damage in the form of desquamation, erosion and epithelial ulceration, reduce the average hydropic degeneration to 8.6 (control = 4.3), necrosis to 7.5 (control = 3.8), inflammatory cell infiltration to 9.75 (control = 7.68) and a dose of 300 mg/kgBW did not significantly reduce the average gastric weight to 5.01 g (control = 4,21 g). Thus, white oyster mushroom up to a dose of 300 mg/kgBW is safe to use for the gastric organ as a natural statin drug.