Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Nanoemulgel Minyak Atsiri Rosemari (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract

Background: Acne is caused by several bacteria including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermis. Essential oil from rosemari is known to contain various antibacterial components. However, the hydrophobic nature of essential oils is an obstacle in the formulation of topical preparations. One way to overcome this problem is to formulate it in the form of nanoemulgel. Objective: This study aims to formulate rosemari essential oil in the form of nanoemulgel preparations, conduct physical evaluation tests, stability tests and test its antibacterial activity. Method: Rosemari essential oil was formulated with various concentrations of 0%, 4%, 6% and 8% (F0, F1, F2, and F3) and then conducted physical evaluation tests and tested the antibacterial activity of rosemari essential oil nanoemulgel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria using the pitting method. Then the physical stability testing of nanoemulgel preparation includes storage for 12 weeks at room temperature, cycling test, and centrifugation test Results: The results showed that all nanoemulgel formulas were semisolid white in colour, had a distinctive odour, homogeneous and an oil-in-water emulsion type, with evaluation results of pH 5.57-6.5, viscosity 15.347-19.768 mPas, spreadability 5.1-7 cm, had an average particle size of 35-294 nm, stable at 12 weeks storage at room temperature (30±2°C) after 12 weeks storage, did not experience phase separation during cycling test and centrifugation test. All nanoemulgel preparations did not irritate the skin of volunteers and had an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.8-17.2 mm for Propionibacterium acnes bacteria and 8.9-16 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Conclusion: Rosemari essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) can be formulated into nanoemulgel dosage form, fulfils the physical evaluation test requirements and is stable at 12 weeks storage at room temperature and has antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria