Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Negara Amerika Serikat dan Jerman

Abstract

Coffee is one of the agricultural commodities that contributes greatly to the country's foreign exchange earnings, namely USD 1.15 billion with an export volume of 437.56 thousand tons in 2022 or 2.73% of total plantation commodity exports (Agricultural Data and Information System Center, Ministry of Agriculture 2023). Indonesia exports coffee to the largest destination countries, namely the United States and Germany for the past 30 years. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and factors that influence the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Germany. The analysis model used in this study is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to see how competitive Indonesian coffee is in the United States and Germany and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to analyze the factors that influence the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Germany. The data used in this study is secondary time series data from 1994-2023. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian coffee has strong export competitiveness. In the long term, GDP and International Coffee Price variables have a negative impact while Production, Consumption and Price of Substitute Goods are positively related. In the short term, GDP, Consumption and Price of Substitute Goods are positively related while International Coffee Price and Production are negatively related for the United States. In the short term, Germany shows that GDP and Consumption are negatively related while International Coffee Price, Production and Price of Substitute Goods are positively related.