Potensi Ekstrak Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) sebagai Antilipid dalam Memperbaiki Aorta Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) Jantan Model Hiperlipidemia

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, characterized by disturbances in blood lipid profiles and histological changes in the aortic blood vessels. The use of synthetic drugs such as simvastatin may cause various side effects, thereby encouraging the exploration of natural alternatives. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotusostreatus), which contain lovastatin compounds, are a promising candidate as antilipidemic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of white oyster mushroom extract as an antilipidemic agent by analyzing its effects on lipid profiles Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and on aortic histology (aortic wall thickness, lumen diameter, and atherosclerosis lesion scores) in hyperlipidemic male rats. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of six groups with four replications. The groups in the study consisted of groups: (K−) normal control, (K+) hyperlipidemic control (induced by a high-fat diet containing duck egg yolk and used cooking oil), P1: hyperlipidemic rats treated with simvastatin at 1,8 mg/kgBW, and P2, P3, and P4: hyperlipidemic rats treated with white oyster mushroom extract at doses of 150 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 450 mg/kgBW, respectively. Blood lipid profiles were analyzed at the Regional Health Laboratory. Aortic tissues were processed using the paraffin method and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Parameters observed included LDL and HDL levels, aortic wall thickness, lumen diameter, and atherosclerosis lesion scores. The results demonstrated that administration of 150 and 300 mg/kgBW of mushroom extract significantly aortic wall thickness, and lesion scores, while increases lumen diameter. Additionally, the 300 and 450 mg/kgBW dose significantly elevates HDL levels and reduces LDL levels. Thus, white oyster mushroom extract shows potential as a natural therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia.