Induksi Mutasi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Pada Generasi M1 Terhadap Tanaman Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

Sunflowers are plants from the Compositae family that are known as ornamental plants. Sunflowers are used as cut flowers that can be grown in pots. This study aims to determine the differences in the characteristics of gamma ray irradiation-induced mutations in sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) compared to plants without irradiation. The study was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, from October 2024 to February 2025. The study employed a descriptive statistical analysis method, using a single sample of the IPB BM 1 variety, with treatments including gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 150 Gy and no irradiation. The results showed that gamma radiation at 150 Gy produced significant differences compared to the control treatment in terms of stem diameter, number of branches, flower tube diameter, and flower diameter. However, there were no significant differences in plant height, flower blooming age, seed harvest age, leaf length, leaf width, number of stomata, stomata density, stomata length, and stomata width. Morphological changes occurred in the mutated plants in the leaf and flower regions.