Analisis Deiksis dalam Bahasa Batak Simalungun: Kajian Pragmatik

Abstract

This study aims to describe the types and functions of deixis in the Batak Simalungun language used by the community in Sondi Raya Village, Raya District. The types of deixis were analyzed based on the classification proposed by Levinson (1983), while the functions of deixis refer to the views of Alieva et al. (1991), Ansiska et al. (2014), and Sumarlam et al. (2023). The data sources consisted of 43 data containing the types and functions of deixis in the form of clitics, words, and phrases in Batak Simalungun language conversational speech in the community in Sondi Raya Village. Data were collected using the listening and speaking methods, followed by the listening and speaking (SLC) technique and the fishing technique as a follow-up technique. To analyze the data, this study used the referential and pragmatic matching methods with the listening and note-taking technique. The results of the study show that there are five types of deixis in the Batak Simalungun language, namely personal deixis, place/space deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The functions of deixis found in the Batak Simalungun language are eleven, namely 1) as an indicator of possession, 2) as a prepositional connector, 3) as a subject, 4) as an object, 5) as an indicator of place information, 6) a definition marker, 7) as an attribute, 8) as an anaphora, 9) as a cataphora, 10) as a tool to distinguish social levels, and 11) as a guardian of politeness in language.