Analisa Eksergi pada Sistem Pembangkit Tenaga Uap Skala Laboratorium : Pendekatan Eksperimental

Abstract

This research aims to conduct exergy analysis on a laboratory-scale steam power generation system using an experimental approach. Exergy analysis was performed to evaluate the thermodynamic performance of each main system component consisting of pump, saturated boiler, superheat boiler, turbine, and condenser based on the second law of thermodynamics. Data collection was conducted every 5 minutes during steady-state operating conditions with parameters including temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate at each component. The research results show that the exergy efficiency of each component is: pump 70%, saturated boiler 14.28%, superheat boiler 13.03%, turbine 79.62%, and condenser 15.91%. Analysis of exergy destruction distribution reveals that the boiler dominates exergy losses with a contribution of 95% of the total system exergy destruction, where the superheat boiler contributes 51% and the saturated boiler 44%, while the condenser contributes 4% and the turbine only 0.6%. The total system exergy efficiency reaches 3.23%, which is considered low compared to industrial-scale steam power plants. The low system efficiency is caused by the dominance of exergy destruction in the combustion and heat transfer processes in the boiler, as well as design limitations at the laboratory scale. This research provides understanding of the location and magnitude of exergy losses in steam power generation systems that can be used as a basis for system performance optimization.