Implementasi Model Panopticon Michel Foucault pada Pengawasan Warga Binaan Rutan Kelas IIB Sidikalang

Abstract

This study analysis how Michel Foucault's panopticon model is applied in the monitoring system for inmates at Sidikalang Class IIB Penitentiary. The panopticon model describes a form of surveillance that allows authorities to monitor without being seen, thus creating a disciplinary effect from within the individual being supervised. This study aims to determine how the monitoring mechanism is carried out, and to what extent it provides changes in the behavior of inmates. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that surveillance at Sidikalang Class IIB Penitentiary does adopt the principles of panopticon such as continuous surveillance via CCTV, the presence of officers on a regular basis, and religious and moral guidance aimed at forming inmates' self-awareness. Although not all inmates responded in the same way, most showed more positive changes in attitudes and behavior. In other words, the surveillance applied is not only physical, but also forms social control that works through individual awareness. These findings strengthen the relevance of Foucault's theory in the context of correctional institutions in Indonesia.