Analisis Hubungan Sosiodemografi dan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Dengue di RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Abstract

Background. Dengue infection is a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Although traditionally associated with urban environments, dengue is now increasingly reported in semi-urban and rural areas. This is driven by widespread human mobility, infrastructure development, and global climate change. This highlights the need to understand the risk factors that contribute to the spread of dengue in semi-urban areas. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic risk factors, household environmental conditions, and dengue incidence in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. This study was conducted in the Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Participants were identified through medical records from Drs. H. Amri Tambunan General Hospital. Cases and controls were treated between July and September 2024, with medical records reviewed and questionnaires on sociodemographic factors and household environmental conditions completed via a Google Form shared through WhatsApp application. Out of 238 screened participants, 39 cases and 78 controls were identified. Result. We identified [adjusted OR (aOR) = 6.7, 95% CI 1.3–33.7, P = 0.021], student status (aOR = 7.8, 95% CI 1.1–56.5, P = 0.042), absence of wire mesh on ventilation (aOR = 12.9, 95% CI 3.1–53.8, P < 0.001) and the presence of bushes around the house (aOR = 7.3, 95% CI 1.7–31.9, P = 0.008) were significant risk factors for dengue incidence. Conclusion. Gender, student status, absence of window screens, and the presence of bushes are associated with dengue incidence. The absence of window screens is the dominant influencing factor. Interventions such as urban planning, improving home environmental conditions, and increasing public awareness and behavioral changes are crucial for reducing the risk of dengue.