Potensi Sampah Organik dalam Penyediaan Briket Arang untuk Memperkuat Ketahanan Energi

Abstract

The objective of the research was to strengthen energy security. Organic waste of home production is increasing every day so that it causes environmental problem. One of the organic waste processing is to make it alternative fuel, charcoal briquettes. The research method was conducted by processing through pyrolysis burning system which is environmentally friendly and also through the testing of physic and chemical matters in laboratory. The result of the research showed that the yield of charcoal from the pyrolysis process of organic waste was 19.7%, the density value was 0.633 – 0.946 kg/cm3, pressure resistance was 11.776 – 12.656 kg/cm3, water content was 5.858 – 9.299%, ash content was 6.509 – 11.398%, evaporated substance content was 13.121 – 37.874%, bonded carbon content was 5.728 – 80.37%, and yielded heat value of 3.690.451 – 5.272.072 heat/gr. This average amount was closely related to the requirements and NSI Standard of 01 – 6235 – 2000. This amount of heat value can be used to become alternative energy fuel as the substitution of kerosene and gas. The abundant amount of waste will never be used up and can be processed to become briquettes in order to strengthen energy security.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat ketahanan energi. Sampah organik produksi rumah tangga setiap hari bertambah sehingga menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu pengolahan sampah organik adalah menjadikannya bahan bakar alternatif yaitu Briket Arang. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pengolahan lewat pembakaran system pirolisis yang ramah lingkungan dan dilakukan pengujian sifat fisis dan kimia di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa randemen arang dari proses pirolisis sampah organik 19,7%, Nilai Kerapatan 0,633 – 0,946 kg/cm3, Keteguhan Tekan 11,776 – 12,656 kg/cm3, kadar air 5,858 – 9,299%, kadar abu 6,509 – 11,398%, kadar zat menguap 13,121 – 37,874%, kadar karbon terikat 5,728 – 80,37%, Menghasilkan Nilai Kalor 3.690,451 – 5.272,072 kal/gr. Besaran ini rata-rata mendekati memenuhi persyaratan dan Standar SNI 01 - 6235 – 2000. Dengan nilai Kalor demikian sudah dapat digunakan menjadi bahan bakar energi alternatif pengganti Minyak tanah dan Gas. Dengan melimpahnya sampah yang dapat diolah menjadi briket dan tidak akan habis maka dapat memperkuat ketahanan energi.