Peran Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Asam Salisilat untuk Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah Varietas Batu Ijo

Abstract

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia that are in great demand by the community and will grow and produce optimally if they are at 80 – 75% of soil moisture. This study aims to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and salicylic acid (SA) administration on shallots (Allium ascolanicum L.) Batu Ijo variety at 60% of soil moisture. This research was carried out in a greenhouse and analyzed at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan from November 2024 until January 2025. This study used a Group Random Design with 2 treatment factors and 3 replicates. The first factor is the AMF application which consists of 2 levels of treatment, namely control and AMF application of 10 g/plant. The second factor was the administration of SA with 4 different concentrations, namely 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L. Observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves, harvest age, number of bulbs, fresh and dry weight of bulbs, fresh and dry weight of canopy, Fresh and dry weight of roots, harvest index and degree of mycorrhizal infection. The results showed that the application of AMF had a significant effect on the weight of the top and root biomass as well as the harvest index but had no real effect on plant growth and production while the administration of SA had a significant effect on the height of the crop 5 weeks after planting and harvest age but had no significant effect on the number of leaves, biomass weight and crop production. The interaction between the combinations had a significant effect on plant height 2 and 4 weeks after planting as well as mycorrhizal degree infection. Based on research, shallots of the Batu Ijo variety can grow and adapt to conditions of 60% soil moisture so that the application of MFA and SA does not provide much significant response to plant growth and production.