Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Yang Mengidap Skizofrenia Paranoid (Studi Putusan Nomor 105/Pid.B/2023/Pn.Gdt)

Abstract

Criminal liability for perpetrators of murder suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, with a focus on the analysis of Decision Number 105/PID.B/2023/PN.GDT. The issues raised include: how is the regulation of criminal law in Indonesia for perpetrators of criminal acts with severe mental disorders, how is the application of the principle of the ability to be responsible in cases of murder committed by people with paranoid schizophrenia, and how is the legal consideration of the panel of judges in deciding that the perpetrator cannot be held criminally responsible because he has a mental disorder. This study uses a normative legal method, supported by primary and secondary data sources, and qualitative analysis is carried out. The results of the study indicate that paranoid schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that can affect a person's ability to understand reality and control behavior. In the case analyzed, the defendant was medically proven to suffer from paranoid schizophrenia and at the time of committing the crime was unable to understand the consequences of his actions. Based on Article 44 of the Criminal Code, a person who commits a crime in a state of severe mental disorder cannot be held criminally responsible. The panel of judges in Decision Number 105/PID.B/2023/PN.GDT considered the testimony of a psychiatric expert, medical evidence, and trial facts that showed that the defendant did not have the ability to be legally responsible for his actions at the time of the incident. The judge decided to release the defendant from criminal punishment and ordered treatment in a mental hospital in accordance with applicable legal provisions. This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive psychiatric examination in the criminal justice process for cases of severe mental disorders. In addition, it is recommended that law enforcement officers improve their understanding of mental health aspects and the need for synergy between judicial, medical, and family institutions in order to realize substantive justice for all parties.