Gambaran Pengobatan pada Pasien Asma di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama Kota Medan

Abstract

Asthma is a frequently encountered disease that generally affects 1-18% of the world population. A stepwise approach in asthma control is the main foundation for managing symptoms, preventing acute asthma exacerbations, and improving lung function. Many asthma patients remain uncontrolled despite numerous evidence-based recommendations and evolving treatments. Uncontrolled asthma is characterized by daytime symptoms, the need for short-acting inhalers more than twice a week, limitations in daily activities due to asthma, or waking up at night due to asthma attacks. The aim of this study is to describe the treatment profile of asthma patients at the Tuntungan, Padang Bulan, Medan Johor, Bromo, and Amplas Community Health Centers. This research is descriptive to understand the treatment profile of asthma patients at the mentioned Community Health Centers. The results indicate that the majority of asthma patients based on gender are women, accounting for 40 patients (83.3%). The highest age group among asthma patients is over 50 years, with 30 individuals. The most commonly used asthma medication is a combination of Budesonide and formoterol inhaler, taken by 20 patients (41.7%). The most frequently used type of medication is the inhaler, used by 33 patients (68.8%), with the controller inhaler being the most commonly used type by 39 patients (81.3%). The most commonly used oral asthma medication is theophylline, with a percentage of 39% (7), followed by salbutamol at 33% (6), and the least used being methylprednisolone at 11% (2). The most widely used non-oral asthma medication is ambroxol at 46% (6), while the least used are acetylcysteine and cetirizine, both at 15% (2).