Formulasi Nanoemulsi Hair Tonic Ekstrak Etanol Batang Teras Bakau Api-Api (Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh) dan Uji Aktivitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Rambut Tikus

Abstract

Background : Api-api mangrove (Avicennia marina) heart wood contain various bioactive compounds consisting of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and anthraquinones that have activity in hair growth. Objective : To formulate and evaluate a hair tonic nanoemulsion preparation containing ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood (Avicennia marina) on hair growth of white male rats. Methods : Extraction of api-api mangrove using maceration method with 96% ethanol followed by phytochemical screening and characterization. Hair tonic nanoemulsion was made in various concentrations of ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), without efficacy or without the addition of ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood and minoxidil as a positive control. Tests of the preparation were organoleptical, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, emulsion type, particle size, centrifugation, cycling test (4°C ± 2°C and 40°C ± 2°C) and storage at room temperature stability. The hair tonic nanoemulsion preparation was applied twice a day on the skin of mice, hair length was measured on days 7, 14, 21 and measured the levity, thickness and weight of hair on day 21. Results : Hair tonic nanoemulsions S1, S2, S3, emulsions were light brown-dark brown in color, smelled typical of m/a emulsion type, homogeneous, stable in centrifugation test, pH 5.46-6.26 viscosity 1.20-1.51 cP, had a particle size that qualified (< 500 nm), and were stable at room temperature storage as well as in cycling test. Hair tonic nanoemulsion preparation of ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood has hair growth activity with average hair length on day 21 in S0, S1, S2, S3, normal control and positive control respectively 0.63 ± 0.008 cm, 2.83 ± 0.005 cm, 3.12 ± 0.017 cm, 3.46 ± 0.036 cm, 0.52 ± 0.010 cm. Average hair weight on day 21 in S0, S1, S2, S3, normal control and positive control were 0.08 ± 0.006 g, 0.12 ± 0.001 g, 0.23 ± 0.003 g, 0.27 ± 0.009 g, 0.02 ± 0.000 g, 0.46 ± 0.070 g. The average hair thickness on day 21 in S0, S1, S2, S3, normal control and positive control were 0.46 ± 0.003 mm, 0.53 ± 0.000 mm, 0.58 ± 0.002 mm, 0.62 ± 0.010 mm, 0.41 ± 0.002 mm, 0.67 ± 0.014 mm. The average hair density on day 21 in S0, S1, S2, S3, normal control and positive control were 1342 strands/cm2, 1561 strands/cm2, 1831 strands/cm2, 2177 strands/cm2, 1006 strands/cm2, 2500 strands/cm2. It can be seen in the statistical test results for the six formulas that there is a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood was formulated into hair tonic nanoemulsion preparation and has hair growth activity. The formula with 1% concentration of ethanol extract of api-api mangrove heart wood is the best formula in hair growth.