Hubungan Ekspresi SATB1 terhadap Stadium dan Tipe Histopatologi pada Karsinoma Nasofaring

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma originating from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, primarily affecting the lateral wall of the Rosenmüller fossa. NPC is a rare malignancy with distinct geographic and racial distributions, accounting for 0.7% of all cancers globally. The incidence of NPC in Indonesia is relatively high, with reported rates of 83 per 100,000 in males and 30 per 100,000 in females. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of special AT-rich sequence- binding protein 1 (SATB1) and the level of invasiveness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: This research is a descriptive study using a non- probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 31 subjects diagnosed with stage III and IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in the study. SATB1 expression levels were measured using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) from biopsy samples. The study focuses on the correlation between SATB1 expression and histopathological type, tumor size, lymph node enlargement, and tumor stage. Results: The majority of NPC patients in the study were male (67.7%) with an average age of 45.94 years, the largest age group was 41-60 years (61.3%), non-keratinizing SCC histopathological type (90.3%) ; most tumor expansion was T4 (38.7%); KGB examination showed patients with N2 (61.3%); and the tumor stage was mostly stage IV (48.4%). Using the Mann Whitney test there was no significant relationship between SATB-1 expression and the histopathological type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p = 1.000) and using the Kruskal Wallis test there was a significant relationship between SATB-1 expression and the extent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p = 0.029); KGB concentration (p = 0.642); and nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage (p = 0.131) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between SATB1 expression and the expansion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p=0.029), but there is no significant relationship between SATB1 expression and the histopathological type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p=1.000), enlargement of lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (p=0.642), stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p=0.131)