Perbandingan Skor Nyeri Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Sebelum dan Sesudah Endoskopi Spinal serta Hubungannya dengan Faktor Klinis pada Pasien Hernia Nukleus Pulposus (HNP) di RSUP H. Adam Malik Periode Januari–Mei 2025

Abstract

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is a leading cause of low back pain and radiculopathy, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Spinal endoscopy has emerged as a minimally invasive surgical approach that offers symptom relief with minimal tissue trauma, shorter recovery time, and lower complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate differences in pain scores based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after spinal endoscopy and to analyze the association between these changes and patients’ clinical characteristics. An analytical observational study was conducted involving 41 patients diagnosed with lumbar HNP who underwent spinal endoscopy at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, in May 2025. Data collected included age, sex, herniation location, operative duration, and intraoperative complications. The results showed a significant reduction in VAS pain scores after spinal endoscopy (p<0.05). Factors such as younger age, herniation at the L4–L5 level, and shorter operative duration were associated with greater pain reduction, although not statistically significant (p>0.05). These findings reaffirm the effectiveness of spinal endoscopy in managing pain among patients with lumbar HNP and underscore the importance of considering individual clinical characteristics in therapeutic planning.