Perancangan dan Simulasi Sistem Pengereman Regeneratif dengan Konverter Cuk dan Konverter SEPIC pada Kendaraan Listrik

Abstract

The global automotive industry is currently intensively developing environmentally friendly vehicles, such as electric vehicles, particularly for daily urban mobility needs. One of the key technologies in electric vehicles is regenerative braking, a system that enables the conversion of a vehicle’s kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy, which is then stored back in the battery. In this study, the design and simulation of a regenerative braking system were carried out using two types of DC-DC converters, namely the Cuk Converter and the SEPIC Converter, to evaluate the efficiency of each converter in the energy recovery process. The simulation was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink with braking speed variations ranging from 5 km/h to 30 km/h. The simulation results show that both converters are capable of recovering energy during braking and storing it in the battery. At a braking speed of 30 km/h, the Cuk Converter generated 70.75 W of power, while the SEPIC Converter produced 72.52 W. Braking speed was found to be directly proportional to the amount of recovered energy. Compared to the Cuk Converter, the SEPIC Converter consistently delivered higher regenerative power across all speed variations. The superior performance of the SEPIC Converter is attributed to several factors, including higher energy conversion efficiency due to the use of two inductors operating simultaneously, an output voltage polarity that aligns with the battery charging direction—eliminating the need for polarity reversal—and lower current and voltage ripple characteristics. In contrast, the Cuk Converter has an output polarity opposite to the input, requiring an additional polarity-reversing diode that introduces extra power losses and results in higher ripple. With these characteristics, the SEPIC Converter is considered more optimal in recovering energy during regenerative braking