Tinjauan Sistematis dari Studi In Vitro: Pengaruh Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Tumbuhan terhadap Ketoksikan Sel Kanker Kolorektal

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with incidence rates steadily increasing annually. Conventional treatment methods show limited effectiveness due to adverse side effects. Flavonoids, as natural compounds, have emerged as potential alternative therapies for colorectal cancer treatment due to their safety profile and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of flavonoids from various plant extracts on colorectal cancer cytotoxicity through in vitro studies. Method: This non-experimental descriptive study employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 methodology, which includes research question identification, literature eligibility criteria establishment, literature search sources determination, search strategy development, relevant literature selection, data extraction, data items determination, literature bias risk assessment, results presentation, and PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) registration. Results: This systematic review analyzes the effects of flavonoids from plant extracts on colorectal cancer based on in vitro studies. A total of 16 studies that met the eligibility criteria were analyzed. The results indicate that most extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects to varying degrees, although two studies did not find significant effects based on the ISO 10993-5 cell viability standard and the cytotoxicity criteria of the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI). A correlation was observed between the type of cancer cell line, duration of exposure, and the level of cytotoxicity. The toxicity of flavonoids depends on several factors, including the plant species, the part of the plant used, and the characteristics of the cell culture used. Conclusion: Plant-derived flavonoids demonstrate cytotoxic activity against colorectal cancer cells.