Penerapan Green Extraction dalam Meningkatkan Kadar Berberine Ekstrak Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson) dan Aktivitas Sitotoksiknya terhadap Sel Kanker Serviks

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer continues to be a significant health issue with high prevalence and mortality rates. Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson) is a medicinal plant known to exhibit cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, primarily due to the alkaloid compound berberine. To obtain high berberine content and optimal cytotoxic activity, proper optimization of extraction conditions is essential. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal extraction conditions for Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson stems using Box-Behnken Design. Methods: The extraction process was carried out using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. Berberine content was determined by TLC-Densitometry, and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells was evaluated using MTT Assay. Optimization of the extraction conditions was then conducted using Box-Behnken Design approach through the Design Expert® 13 software. Results: Optimization using the Box-Behnken Design generated 17 different extraction condition variations, with each run having its own responses. The final optimum solution yielded a desirability value of 1,000. Conclusion: The optimal extraction conditions for Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson stems as recommended by the software were at 14,783 minutes extraction time, 15,990 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio, and 256,146 Watts microwave power, resulting in an extract yield of 17,455%, berberine content of 8,125 mg/g, and cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 188,578 µg/mL.