Analisis Hubungan Pertumbuhan Penduduk terhadap Kerapatan Vegetasi dan Bangunan di Kota Medan

Abstract

Medan City has experienced rapid population growth, increasing from 2,191,140 people in 2014 to 2,486,283 people in 2024, which has impacted land use changes, particularly by reducing vegetation cover and expanding built-up areas. This study employs spatial analysis methods based on Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery processing, utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify vegetation changes and the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) to analyze urban expansion. Population data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, and their correlation with land use changes was tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicate that high vegetation density has decreased by 18.7%, while very low vegetation density has increased by 22.4%, suggesting the conversion of green spaces into built-up areas. Conversely, high building density has increased by 26.3%. Pearson correlation analysis reveals a strong negative relationship between population growth and vegetation density (r = -0.792) and a strong positive relationship with building density (r = 0.839). This study confirms that population growth significantly influences land use changes in Medan City, highlighting the need for sustainable spatial planning policies to mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization.