Penilaian Risiko dan Bahaya Longsor Berbasis Geographic Information System (GIS) (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Merek, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara)

Abstract

Indonesia is located in an area that is actively volcanic and tectonic, situated at the convergence of tectonic plates. This condition increases the risk of earthquakes and tsunamis, which can trigger landslides. Merek District, Karo Regency, with its extensive highland topography and significant rainfall, has a high potential for experiencing landslide disasters. This study aims to analyze the risk level of landslides using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, which is expected to support landslide disaster mitigation efforts in Merek District more effectively. The study location is in Merek District, where analysis was conducted on the level of vulnerability, susceptibility, and capacity of the area. The method used involves QGIS 3.28.2 software with scoring and overlay techniques, referring to Permen PU No. 22/PRT/M/2007 and Peraturan Kepala BNPN No. 2 Tahun 2012. The analysis results in a landslide risk map that is then validated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The analysis results indicate that the landslide risk levels in Merek District are divided into five classes: very low risk class (14.275 km²), low risk class (28.163 km²), moderate risk class (85.840 km²), high risk class (72.482 km²), and very high risk class (21.183 km²). The moderate risk category predominates the Merek District area, encompassing six villages: Bandar Tongging, Mulia Rayat, Pancur Batu, Pengambaten, Pertibi Lama, and Tongging.