Desain Turbin Uap Sistem Pembangkit Siklus Rankine Organik dengan Fluida Kerja N-Pentane dan Daya 500 Watt

Abstract

Energy plays a vital role in human life and economic activities. Despite Indonesia's abundant energy potential, challenges in fossil fuel utilization have driven the need for alternative energy development. This study aims to design and analyze a steam turbine for a 500W Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system using n-pentane as the working fluid, optimized for low temperature waste heat utilization. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a closed thermodynamic cycle that utilizes low-temperature heat (80 to 400°C) to generate electrical energy. The research methodology involved thermodynamic simulation and turbine component performance analysis. The design results show the following technical specifications: (1) A turbine nozzle with 2.75 mm inlet diameter (5.95 mm² cross-sectional area) and 3.6 mm outlet diameter (10.2 mm² cross sectional area), with 8.11 mm length; (2) 62 turbine blades with 152 mm² surface area per blade, 11.19 mm leading edge radius, 7.6 mm blade height, 12.49 mm blade spacing, and 243.44 mm disk diameter; and (3) A 27.43 mm diameter turbine shaft with 239.44 mm flange diameter, housed within a 259.64 mm diameter turbine casing. Performance analysis proves this design can generate 500W output with optimal efficiency under ORC operating conditions. These findings provide important technical foundations for developing small-scale ORC turbines for renewable energy applications, particularly for waste heat recovery in Indonesia.