Strategi Keamanan Siber Indonesia dalam Perspektif Neorealisme

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has positioned cybersecurity as a strategic aspect in maintaining national stability and state sovereignty. As the fourth-largest internet user in the world, Indonesia faces an increasing escalation of cyberattacks targeting public infrastructure, personal data, and strategic state systems. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s cybersecurity strategy through the lens of neorealism and Francis Fukuyama’s theory of state capacity. Using a qualitative method and literature-based approach, the research analyzes secondary data from government documents, academic journals, cybersecurity reports, and national regulations. The findings reveal that Indonesia has adopted an internal balancing strategy through the establishment of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), the strengthening of CSIRTs (Computer Security Incident Response Team), NSOC (National Security Operation Center), and public awareness programs, as a response to the anarchic nature of the international system. However, from Fukuyama’s perspective, policy implementation still encounters structural challenges such as weak coordination, limited human resources, and governance gaps across institutions. Therefore, Indonesia’s cybersecurity strategy must be supported by institutional strengthening, regulatory reform, and enhanced operational capacity to ensure resilience and adaptability in the face of evolving cyber threats.