Aktivitas Antikanker Payudara Fraksi Kaya Berberine dari Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispae (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson)

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Tinospora crispae (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, contains bioactive compounds including alkaloids such as berberine, which have shown potential anticancer effects. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of berberine-rich fractions obtained from the stem of Tinospora crispae (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson against T47D breast cancer cells. Method: Tinospora crispae compounds was extracted using methanol and was followed by acid-base fractionation to obtain pH 3 and pH 9 fractions. The presence and content of berberine were determined using TLC-densitometric analysis. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated through the MTT assay on T47D cells, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Results: TLC-densitometry confirmed the presence of berberine in all samples, with the pH 9 fraction containing the highest berberine content (2,38 ± 0,04 mg/g), followed by the pH 3 fraction (2,05 ± 0,08 mg/g), and methanol extract (1,85 ± 0,05 mg/g). Cytotoxicity tests showed that the pH 9 fraction had the strongest cytotoxic effect with an IC₅₀ of 172.27 ± 8.30 µg/mL, followed by the pH 3 fraction (222.85 ± 1.99 µg/mL), and methanol extract (590.92 ± 55.98 µg/mL). Conclusion: The berberine-rich fraction of Tinospora crispae (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson stem, especially at pH 9, exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The results support the potential use of Tinospora crispae (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson as a natural anticancer agent.