Analisis Efisiensi Rantai Pasok Tahu Ponimin Dalam Konteks Ergonomi Dengan Metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Abstract

Supply chain efficiency not only depends on technical aspects, but is also strongly influenced by human factors such as physical conditions, workload, and work environment. In small industries, ergonomic aspects are often ignored, even though they have a major effect on productivity and business sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of supply chain activities at Ponimin Tofu Business Unit by considering human factors through an ergonomic approach. The production system used is make to stock, which demands daily production activities and causes a high physical workload, risking to reduce long-term efficiency. The method used is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an output oriented BCC (Variable Return to Scale) approach. There are 12 decision-making units (DMUs) analyzed using two inputs and six outputs which are divided into two indicators, namely micro ergonomics and macro ergonomics indicators. Data were obtained through a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and supported by field observations. The results show that 8 out of 12 DMUs are in an efficient condition (score = 1), while 4 DMUs are not yet efficient (score < 1), influenced by high workload, lack of ergonomic tools, and absence of standard work procedures. Sensitivity analysis shows that physical ergonomics has more influence on efficiency (average score of 0.927) than macro ergonomics (0.962). Therefore, improvements are focused on improving ergonomic conditions through task rotation to divide the workload fairly and equitably, providing ergonomic work equipment that matches workers' anthropometry, safety education, and strengthening communication and a collaborative teamwork culture. This research confirms the importance of human factors in improving supply chain efficiency, especially in the small business sector.