Pengaruh Penambahan Ferro Sulfat Pada Proses Pewarnaan Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Kain

Abstract

Fabric dyeing is a crucial stage in the textile industry that plays a significant role in determining the aesthetic value and marketability of the final product. This process encompasses various techniques and materials applied to impart color to fabrics. This research focuses on evaluating dyeing quality and the effect of iron sulfate mordant on the mechanical properties of cotton, dobby, and rayon fabrics using ecoprint and immersion dyeing techniques. The analysis includes color fastness testing (ΔE), fiber structure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and tensile strength testing using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The concentration of iron sulfate used varied between 10–80 g. The results indicate that the best color fastness (ΔE) values among the three fabric types were achieved with dobby fabric using the ecoprint technique with a 60 g iron sulfate mordant variation, resulting in a ΔE value of 3.15 (moderate category), and dobby fabric using the immersion technique with a 40 g iron sulfate mordant variation, resulting in a ΔE value of 2.74 (small category). The tensile strength test shows the best tensile strength is found in rayon fabric with ecoprint using alum mordant, achieving a tensile strength of 31.96 N/mm², and in dyed rayon fabric with 70 g ferro sulfate mordant variation, achieving a tensile strength of 28.92 N/mm². SEM observations revealed changes in the fabric fiber structure, which became rougher due to the attachment of mordant particles to the fibers.