Hubungan Ekspresi Imunohistokimia Protein 16 (P16) Terhadap Subtipe Karsinoma Nasofaring Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KNF) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa or gland and is a malignant tumor of the head and neck area. Immunohistochemistry Protein 16 is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG), which is a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that regulates tumor cells through the G1 phase of the often inactive cell cycle in cancer. Research on the relationship between p16 expression and KNF has not been widely conducted. Objective: To determine the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of protein 16 (p16) to the subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and methods: This study used 46 slide/paraffin block samples of KNF cases that had been diagnosed histopathologically at the Anatomical Pathology Unit of H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan from January 2022 to May 2024. All clinicopathology data were taken from medical records/pathology archives. P16 expression is assessed in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of tumor cells. The assessment of p16 expression was performed semiquantitatively based on the multiplication of area and intensity in the expressed tumor cells. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Eta test. Results: Among the 46 KNF samples, 21 samples were positive expressions with strong positive values in the NKSCC subtype as many as 14 (30.4%) samples and weak positive values in the NKSCC subtype as many as 7 (15.2%). Meanwhile, the results of p16 immunohistochemical staining were expressed the most negatively, namely in the NKSCC subtype as many as 23 (50.0%) samples and in the KSCC subtype as many as 2 (4.3%). This Eta variable test was carried out and a p-value of 0.195 was obtained. Conclusions: There was no association of p16 expression with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma subtype.