Pengaruh Pemberian Magnesium Klorida Terhadap Jarak Pergerakan Gigi Ortodonti pada Tikus Wistar

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment aims to correct malocclusion through tooth movement involving alveolar bone remodeling and periodontal tissue response to mechanical forces. The prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment has led to the use of interventions to modify the rate of tooth movement, one of which is magnesium, an important mineral in bone metabolism and formation. Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) is a highly water-soluble form of magnesium that is easily absorbed by the body. This study aims to determine the effect of magnesium chloride administration on orthodontic tooth movement distance in Wistar rats. This study is a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design, using 24 Wistar rats divided into control and treatment groups. The rats were subjected to orthodontic force using coil springs, with the treatment group receiving magnesium chloride at a dose of 90 mg/kg body weight via oral administration. Observations were conducted on days 1, 3, and 7 after the application of orthodontic force using direct measurement and photography methods. The results showed that the mean of tooth movement distance in the experimental group was lower than in the control group, particularly on day 7 (direct method, p=0.043) and days 1 and 3 (photographic method, p=0.002 and p=0.001). Data analysis using ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests revealed significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, magnesium chloride has an inhibitory effect on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats, as evidenced by smaller linear tooth movement distances in the experimental group compared to the control group.