Penetapan Dosis Optimum Pupuk Fosfor dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Kecamatan Munte Kabupaten Karo

Abstract

This study aims to determine the optimal dose of phosphorus fertilizer and chicken manure fertilizer, as well as their interaction, for the growth and production of corn plants (Zea mays L.) in Munte Subdistrict, Karo Regency. The study was conducted in Munte Subdistrict, Karo Regency, and analyzed at the Laboratory of the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) in Medan from December to April 2025. This study used a Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors and 2 blocks. The first factor was phosphorus fertilizer, consisting of 5 treatment levels: 0% (0 kg P₂O₅), 50% (36 kg P₂O₅), 100% (72 kg P₂O₅), 150% (109 kg P₂O₅), and 200% (145 kg P₂O₅) of the recommended phosphorus fertilizer dose. The second factor was chicken manure fertilizer, which consisted of 4 treatment levels: 0 tons/ha, 1.5 tons/ha, 3 tons/ha, and 4.5 tons/ha. The observation parameters included dry root weight, dry shoot weight, phosphorus uptake, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and seed weight. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer application at various rates increased dry root weight, dry shoot weight, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and seed weight. Chicken manure application at various rates increased dry shoot weight, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and seed weight. The combination of phosphorus fertilizer and chicken manure treatment can increase root dry weight, plant phosphorus uptake, shoot dry weight, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and seed weight. The best treatment for corn (Zea mays L.) growth and production is 100% of the recommended phosphorus fertilizer dose (72 kg P₂O₅) and 3.0 tons/ha of chicken manure.