Evaluasi Ketersediaan Obat Esensial, Harga dan Keterjangkauan di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Kota Gunungsitoli Tahun 2023

Abstract

Essential medicines are critical for health care services, including diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. By 2023, Indonesia's Primary Health Center Facilities (PHCFs) and hospitals must ensure at least 80% supply as a necessity. This study aims to assess the availability, price, and affordability of essential medicines in PHCFs and hospitals in Gunungsitoli City. Samples were collected sequentially, both retrospectively and prospectively. Secondary data reviews were used to examine retrospective data, while interviews and observations were used to collect prospective data. The results indicate that retinol and ranitidine injections were not accessible in Gunungsitoli PHCFs, from 40 list of essential medications most of it had a 100% availability rate. Retinol and ranitidine were unavailable (0%) in PHCFs. Albendazol, DHP OAT and Retinol were unavailable (0%) in Public Health, while diphenhydramine injection,ORS, Eye Ointment and ciprofloxacin were only accessible at Private Hospital (50%). Affordability research showed that medicines in certain PHCFs were still within an affordable range for most patients (< IDR 93,633/day). Medicines provided in Public Hospital were reasonably priced, while those in Private Hospital were varied from fare to expensive. Medicine Price Ratio (MPR) indicated low-cost medicines in PHCFs, low-to-moderate charges in Public Hospital, and numerous high-cost medicines in Private Hospital. The study concludes that better essential medicine management is needed to ensure constant availability and affordability in health care institutions.