Pemanfaatan Limbah Serbuk Kayu Merbau (Intsia bijuga) sebagai Pewarna Alami Benang Katun untuk Kain Tenun melalui Aplikasi Mordanting Ultrasonikasi dan Rendam

Abstract

Merbau wood contains tannin-based pigments that can be extracted in significant amounts, making it a promising source of natural dyes. This study aims to analyze the potential of merbau sawdust waste as a natural dye for yarn used in woven fabrics and to determine the most efficient mordant treatment, including ultrasonic and immersion mordanting methods. The study includes phytochemical screening, total phenolic content analysis, UV protection ability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, tensile strength, and color fastness tests. Phytochemical screening revealed that merbau extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and glycosides. The total phenolic content of the merbau wood extract was found to be 68.54%. UV spectrum analysis showed that merbau extract has the ability to absorb ultraviolet light, particularly in the UVA wavelength range (320–400 nm). Antioxidant activity tests showed values ranging from 37% to 72%. Antibacterial testing revealed inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. The tensile strength of the yarn ranged from 148 to 165 MPa. Color fastness testing indicated color differences ranging from unnoticeable to slight (0.77–2.99 on the scale).