Konflik Agraria: Dinamika Peralihan Penguasaan Atas Tanah di Wilayah Frontier (Kasus Jalan Jati Rejo-Kebun Sampali, Desa Sampali, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara)

Abstract

This ethnographic study focuses on the actors involved in the cultivation and reclamation of HGU land managed by PTPN II along Jati Rejo Road. The study is motivated by the land dispute over HGU No. 152, which is managed by PT Perkebunan Nusantara II (PTPN II). The land conflict that occurred contradicts Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution, which states that every Indonesian citizen has the right to enjoy the country's natural resources. Therefore, a land dispute arose among the actors, leading to a phenomenon of land ownership transfer from one party to another. Previous studies on agrarian conflicts have mostly analysed the applicable legal system, but this study focuses more on the processes of land ownership transfer carried out by the actors. The main objective of this study is to understand the dynamics of land ownership transfer and to see how the actors defend the land they have taken control of. This research was conducted on Jalan Jati Rejo, Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature with an ethnographic approach. Data collection was conducted using the live in technique at the research location, which involved living and residing in the environment of the Farmers' Group and BPRPI for two months, starting on 6 July and ending on 6 September. I also employed participatory observation and in-depth interviews. Informants were selected using the snowball and purposive sampling techniques. I used systematic data analysis techniques to analyse the collected data. This study found that the transition of land ownership on Jalan Jati Rejo occurred using the terminology of land access, which was structured into periods: the reclamation and cultivation period, Kerja Sama Usaha (KSU) period, dana perjuangan period, and period. Additionally, this study found that actors who had obtained land sought to maintain their land, as seen through the concept of exclusionary power. This study concludes that the dynamics of land ownership transfer are a form of natural resource management change influenced by power, economics, and social factors. With this study, it is hoped that understanding of the land ownership transfer processes occurring on Jalan Jati Rejo, Sampali Village, will be enhanced.