Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Minyak Atsiri Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Background: The nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) contained secondary metabolite compounds that exhibited antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria. The nutmeg essential oil had been formulated into a nanoemulgel preparation to provide better penetration and prolonged adhesion to the skin. Objective: Formulated and evaluated the nanoemulgel preparation of nutmeg essential oil and observed its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Method: The antibacterial activity test of nutmeg essential oil against Propionibacterium acnes was conducted. The nanoemulgel preparation was formulated using the low-energy emulsification method, containing nutmeg essential oil concentrations of F1 (2%), F2 (4%), and F3 (6%) with Tween 80 and Span 80 as surfactants, and Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. Physical quality evaluations of the preparation included organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, emulsion type, spreadability, viscosity, particle size, irritation test, and antibacterial activity test of the nanoemulgel preparation against Propionibacterium acnes. Physical stability evaluations such as storage at room temperature, cycling test, and centrifugation were also performed. Results: Nutmeg essential oil exhibited medium antibacterial activity at 6% concentration. The resulting nanoemulgel preparation met the physical quality standards, did not irritate volunteers, and demonstrated potent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 4,83 - 7,13 mm. The nanoemulgel preparation showed no physical changes when stored at room temperature, under extreme temperatures, and did not undergo phase separation. Conclusion: Nutmeg essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity, was formulated into a nanoemulgel preparation that met physical quality requirements, fulfilled physical stability criteria, and the nanoemulgel preparation demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes.